Protein detail

CD9

CD9 antigen (5H9 antigen) (Cell growth-inhibiting gene 2 protein) (Leukocyte antigen MIC3) (Motility-related protein) (MRP-1) (Tetraspanin-29) (Tspan-29) (p24) (CD antigen CD9)

Entry name CD9	UniProt ID P21926	EVMP confidence score 0.88
Supporting publications (n) 424	Transmembrane count 4	Protein classification Cancer-related genesCD markersPlasma proteinsPredicted membrane proteinsTransporters

EVMP confidence score

Annotation confidence score; open for threshold definitions.

Extremely high >= 0.85High >= 0.70Medium >= 0.55Low >= 0.40

Basic Information13

Protein Names

CD9 antigen (5H9 antigen) (Cell growth-inhibiting gene 2 protein) (Leukocyte antigen MIC3) (Motility-related protein) (MRP-1) (Tetraspanin-29) (Tspan-29) (p24) (CD antigen CD9)

Protein Class (5)

Cancer-related genesCD markersPlasma proteinsPredicted membrane proteinsTransporters

Protein Function (3)

Cancer-related genes:Candidate cancer biomarkers
CD markers
Transporters:Accessory Factors Involved in Transport

Transmembrane

13..33; Helical; 56..76; Helical; 88..111; Helical; 196..221; Helical

Transmembrane Count

Ensembl

ENSG00000010278

Entrez Gene Symbol

CD9

Gene Synonym (5)

BA2MIC3MRP-1P24TSPAN29

Gene Description

CD9 molecule

Chromosome

Position

6199715-6238271

Supporting publications (n)

424

EVMP confidence score

0.88

Fluorescence & Localization1

Function & Pathway7

Protein Function (3)

Cancer-related genes:Candidate cancer biomarkers
CD markers
Transporters:Accessory Factors Involved in Transport

Cellular Component (11)

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Molecular Function (2)

Biological Process (3)

KEGG (2)

Reactome (10)

Mediation Categories (4)

Adhesion and uptake mediationClinical-translation mediationFusion and delivery mediationImmune mediation

Relations & Evidence41

Ligand-Receptor Signaling (32)

32 records.

Category	Parent	Database	Transmitter	Receiver	Secreted	Plasma Membrane (Transmembrane)	Plasma Membrane (Peripheral)
cell_adhesion	cell_adhesion	Cellinker	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
cell_adhesion	cell_adhesion	Zhong2015	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
adhesion	adhesion	OmniPath	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
cell_adhesion	cell_adhesion	OmniPath	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
transmembrane	transmembrane	UniProt_location	No	No	Yes	No	No
transmembrane	transmembrane	UniProt_topology	No	No	Yes	No	No
transmembrane	transmembrane	UniProt_keyword	No	No	Yes	No	No
transmembrane	transmembrane	TopDB	No	No	Yes	No	No
transmembrane	transmembrane	LOCATE	No	No	Yes	No	No
transmembrane	transmembrane	Ramilowski_location	No	No	Yes	No	No

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Protein Complex Composition (8)

8 records.

Component Gene Symbols	Component UniProt ID	Stoichiometry	Database	Database IDs
ASAP3 CD96 CER1 HSPA1B LDB3	O75112 O95813 P0DMV9 P40200 Q8TDY4	0:0:0:0:0	hu.MAP2
CD96 HSPA1A LDB3	O75112 P0DMV8 P40200	0:0:0	hu.MAP
CD96 HSPA1B LDB3	O75112 P0DMV9 P40200	0:0:0	hu.MAP
AFG2B CD96 HSPA1B LDB3	O75112 P0DMV9 P40200 Q9BVQ7	0:0:0:0	hu.MAP2
CCNB2 CD96 CRHBP NAA20 POGLUT1 SQSTM1 TNIP1	O95067 P24387 P40200 P61599 Q13501 Q15025 Q8NBL1	0:0:0:0:0:0:0	hu.MAP2
CD99	P14209	2	PDB	PDB:7sfx
CD9	P21926	4	PDB	PDB:6z20PDB:6rlrPDB:6rlo
CD93	Q9NPY3	4	PDB	PDB:8ivd

Isolation & Detection Technology (1)

1 record.

EV Isolation Method	Detection Method	Number of References	References
Differential UltracentrifugationSize Exclusion Chromatography	Mass spectrometryWestern blotting	2	37667547 36849061

Sequence, Structure & Domains8

Sequences

Length

228

Mass

25,416

Sequence

MPVKGGTKCIKYLLFGFNFIFWLAGIAVLAIGLWLRFDSQTKSIFEQETNNNNSSFYTGVYILIGAGALMMLVGFLGCCGAVQESQCMLGLFFGFLLVIFAIEIAAAIWGYSHKDEVIKEVQEFYKDTYNKLKTKDEPQRETLKAIHYALNCCGLAGGVEQFISDICPKKDVLETFTVKSCPDAIKEVFDNKFHIIGAVGIGIAVVMIFGMIFSMILCCAIRRNREMV

3D Structural Models

Turn

154..156; 169..172

Helix

5..37; 41..45; 55..82; 86..111; 114..133; 137..139; 140..150; 161..166; 173..175; 181..190; 193..222

3D Structure

X-ray crystallography (5)

Domain & Motif Annotations

Protein Families

Tetraspanin (TM4SF) family

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.

Clinical Relevance6

Disease Involvement

Cancer-related genes

Drugs (43)

Antibody

CAB002490

Interaction Protein (2)

ENSG00000110651ENSG00000134247

Interaction Count

Interaction Dataset (2)

biogrid_opencellintact_biogrid_opencell

Supporting Publications409

PMID	Title	Abstract
25338648	Exosomes from breast cancer cells stimulate proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of CD133+ cancer cells in vitro.	Exosome uptake by CD133+ and CD133-4T1 cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The exosome-associated markers CD63, CD9 and CD81 were detected, and the size distribution and ζ potential of the exosomes were determined.
25368198	Cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 export to uninfected cells exosomes containing STING, viral mRNAs, and microRNAs.	In this report we show that STING is exported from HEp-2 cells to Vero cells along with virions, viral mRNAs, microRNAs, and the exosome marker protein CD9.
25473095	Human saliva-derived exosomes: comparing methods of isolation.	Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with anti-CD63 showed vesicular nanoparticles surrounded by bi-layered membrane, compatible with exosomes in EQ, similar to that observed with UC.
25711438	Vascular smooth muscle cell calcification is mediated by regulated exosome secretion.	In vivo, multivesicular bodies containing exosomes were observed in vessels from chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis, and CD63 was found to colocalize with calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS: Alexa488-labeled fetuin-A was internalized by human VSMCs, trafficked via the endosomal system, and exocytosed from multivesicular bodies via exosome release. VSMC-derived exosomes were enriched with the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81, and their release was regulated by sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3.
25732677	Heparanase activates the syndecan-syntenin-ALIX exosome pathway.	Conversely, reduction of endogenous heparanase reduces the secretion of syntenin-1-containing exosomes. Here we investigated the role of heparanase, the only mammalian enzyme able to cleave heparan sulfate internally, in the syndecan-syntenin-ALIX exosome biogenesis pathway. Taken together, our findings identify heparanase as a modulator of the syndecan-syntenin-ALIX pathway, fostering endosomal membrane budding and the biogenesis of exosomes by trimming the heparan sulfate chains on syndecans. The ability of heparanase to stimulate exosome production depends on syntenin-1 and ALIX. We recently showed that the syndecan heparan sulfate proteoglycans control the biogenesis of exosomes through their interaction with syntenin-1 and the endosomal-sorting complex required for transport accessory component ALIX.
25735706	Exosomal proteins as potential diagnostic markers in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma.	The array contained 37 antibodies targeting lung cancer-related proteins and was used to capture exosomes, which were visualised with a cocktail of biotin-conjugated CD9, CD63 and CD81 antibodies.
25833959	Characterization of CLL exosomes reveals a distinct microRNA signature and enhanced secretion by activation of BCR signaling.	Our data herein demonstrate that CLL cells release significant amounts of exosomes in plasma that exhibit abundant CD37, CD9, and CD63 expression.
25849885	Low pH increases the yield of exosome isolation.	The higher levels of exosome markers including CD9, CD63 and HSP70 were observed after incubation in an acidic environment.
25997717	Integrin β4 and vinculin contained in exosomes are potential markers for progression of prostate cancer associated with taxane-resistance.	Exosomes were also isolated from the culture medium by using anti-CD9 antibody-conjugated magnetic beads. Our results suggest that ITGB4 and VCL in exosomes could be useful markers for progression of prostate cancer associated with taxane-resistance, providing the basis for development of an exosome-based diagnostic system. Proteomic analysis showed that integrin β4 (ITGB4) and vinculin (VCL) were upregulated in exosomes derived from PC-3R cells compared to PC-3 cells. The elevation of ITGB4 and VCL was confirmed in exosomes captured by anti-CD9 antibody from the culture medium of PC-3R cells.
26109643	Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Mediate the Release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoglycans and Lipoproteins from Infected Macrophages.	However, our studies revealed that extracellular vesicles released from infected macrophages include two distinct, largely nonoverlapping populations: one containing host cell markers of exosomes (CD9, CD63) and the other containing M. tuberculosis molecules (lipoglycans, lipoproteins).

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