Protein detail
CD81
CD81 antigen (26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1) (Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1) (Tetraspanin-28) (Tspan-28) (CD antigen CD81)
Entry name CD81 | UniProt ID | EVMP confidence score 0.88 |
Supporting publications (n) 305 | Transmembrane count 4 | Protein classification CD markersDisease related genesHuman disease related genesPlasma proteinsPotential drug targetsPredicted membrane proteinsTransporters |
EVMP confidence score
Annotation confidence score; open for threshold definitions.
Extremely high >= 0.85High >= 0.70Medium >= 0.55Low >= 0.40Basic Information13
Protein Names
CD81 antigen (26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1) (Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1) (Tetraspanin-28) (Tspan-28) (CD antigen CD81)
Protein Class (7)
CD markersDisease related genesHuman disease related genesPlasma proteinsPotential drug targetsPredicted membrane proteinsTransporters
Protein Function (5)
- CD markers
- Potential drug targets
- Human disease related genes:Immune system diseases:Primary immunodeficiency
- Transporters:Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
- Disease related genes
Transmembrane
13..33; Helical; 64..84; Helical; 90..112; Helical; 202..224; Helical
Transmembrane Count
4
Ensembl
Entrez Gene Symbol
Gene Synonym (3)
TAPA-1TAPA1TSPAN28
Gene Description
CD81 molecule
Chromosome
11
Position
2376177-2397802
Supporting publications (n)
305
EVMP confidence score
0.88
Fluorescence & Localization7
Tissue Specificheart muscleCell SpecificCardiomyocytesBlood Cell SpecificneutrophilBlood Lineage SpecificgranulocytesSecretome LocationIntracellular and membraneSecretome FunctionTransport
Function & Pathway8
Protein Function (5)
- CD markers
- Potential drug targets
- Human disease related genes:Immune system diseases:Primary immunodeficiency
- Transporters:Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
- Disease related genes
Cellular Component (9)
Molecular Function (7)
Biological Process (3)
KEGG (4)
Reactome (4)
Canonical Pathways
M13 Pid erbb4 pathway
Mediation Categories (4)
Adhesion and uptake mediationFusion and delivery mediationImmune mediationReceptor-signaling mediation
Relations & Evidence44
Ligand-Receptor Signaling (41)
41 records.
| Category | Parent | Database | Transmitter | Receiver | Secreted | Plasma Membrane (Transmembrane) | Plasma Membrane (Peripheral) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| transmembrane | transmembrane | UniProt_topology | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| transmembrane | transmembrane | UniProt_keyword | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| transmembrane | transmembrane | TopDB | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| transmembrane | transmembrane | LOCATE | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| transmembrane | transmembrane | Ramilowski_location | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| transmembrane | transmembrane | OmniPath | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| plasma_membrane | plasma_membrane | UniProt_location | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| plasma_membrane | plasma_membrane | Cellinker | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| basolateral_cell_membrane | plasma_membrane | UniProt_location | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| plasma_membrane | plasma_membrane | OmniPath | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Protein Complex Composition (2)
Isolation & Detection Technology (1)
1 record.
| EV Isolation Method | Detection Method | Number of References | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]Mass spectrometry | 0 |
Sequence, Structure & Domains9
Sequences
Length
236
Mass
25,809
Sequence
MGVEGCTKCIKYLLFVFNFVFWLAGGVILGVALWLRHDPQTTNLLYLELGDKPAPNTFYVGIYILIAVGAVMMFVGFLGCYGAIQESQCLLGTFFTCLVILFACEVAAGIWGFVNKDQIAKDVKQFYDQALQQAVVDDDANNAKAVVKTFHETLDCCGSSTLTALTTSVLKNNLCPSGSNIISNLFKEDCHQKIDDLFSGKLYLIGIAAIVVAVIMIFEMILSMVLCCGIRNSSVY
3D Structural Models
Helix
10..36; 57..80; 81..84; 113..115; 116..136; 141..154; 163..165; 166..171; 172..174; 181..185; 190..199; 202..230
Beta Strand
158..160
3D Structure
Electron microscopy (1); X-ray crystallography (15)
Domain & Motif Annotations
Domain (CC)
Binds cholesterol in a cavity lined by the transmembrane spans.
Protein Families
Tetraspanin (TM4SF) family
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Clinical Relevance4
Supporting Publications305
| PMID | Title | Abstract |
|---|---|---|
| 29972017 | Detection and Characterization of Different Brain-Derived Subpopulations of Plasma Exosomes by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. | Subsequently, by injecting a second antibody on the immobilized vesicles, we were able to quantify the amount of CD81 and GM1, membrane components of exosomes, on each subpopulation. |
| 29986939 | MSC exosome works through a protein-based mechanism of action. | Nevertheless, the term 'MSC exosome' is often used to describe populations of 50-200 nm EVs that are prepared from culture medium conditioned by MSCs on the basis that these populations collectively exhibited typical exosome-associated proteins such as endosomal proteins, TSG101 and Alix, and tetraspanin proteins, CD9, CD63 and CD81. |
| 30021360 | Protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes on preserving the morphology and angiogenesis of placenta in rats with preeclampsia. | Besides, the isolated exosomes expressed the exosome markers (CD63 and CD81). |
| 30059939 | Neuron-related blood inflammatory markers as an objective evaluation tool for major depressive disorder: An exploratory pilot case-control study. | As an exploratory pilot case-control study between healthy controls (HC) and drug-free MDD patients (each; N = 34), we searched for NDE-related blood biomarkers with a small amount of peripheral blood using a novel sandwich immunoassay between anti-neuron antibody and antibodies against CD81 (an exosome marker) and against other proteins related to neuroinflammation and synaptic functions. |
| 30188455 | Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes as a cell-free therapy for nerve injury-induced pain in rats. | Exosomes also inhibited the level of TNF-α and IL-1β, while enhanced the level of IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the ipsilateral L5/6 dorsal root ganglion of nerve-ligated rats, indicating anti-inflammatory and proneurotrophic abilities. In addition, exosome treatment suppressed nerve ligation-induced upregulation of c-Fos, CNPase, GFAP, and Iba1. Isolated UCMSC exosomes range in size from 30 to 160 nm and contain CD63, HSP60, and CD81 exosome markers. Protein analysis revealed the content of vascular endothelial growth factor C, angiopoietin-2, and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the exosomes. |
| 30198786 | Photo-Oxidative Blue-Light Stimulation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Promotes Exosome Secretion and Increases the Activity of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. | After blue-light photostimulation, ARPE-19 cells were noted to release exosomes with higher levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 than those in the control group. The contents of the NLRP3 inflammasome (IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 as markers of the inflammasome) in exosomes were analyzed by Western blotting. The exosome markers CD9, CD63, and CD81 were strongly present. The levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 in ARPE-19 cells were significantly enhanced when treated with stressed RPE exosomes. |
| 30236130 | Torquetenovirus detection in exosomes enriched vesicles circulating in human plasma samples. | Exosomes enriched vesicles (EEVs) were extracted from plasma and characterized by Nanoparticle tracking analysis, by western blot for presence of tetraspanin CD63, CD81 and annexin II protein and, finally, by electron microscopy (EM). |
| 30605353 | Altered levels of plasma neuron-derived exosomes and their cargo proteins characterize acute and chronic mild traumatic brain injury. | Neuron-derived exosomes (NDEs) were enriched by anti-L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption from plasmas of subjects ages 18-26 yr within 1 wk after a sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (acute mTBI) ( n = 18), 3 mo or longer after the last of 2-4 mTBIs (chronic mTBI) ( n = 14) and with no recent history of TBI (controls) ( n = 21). Plasma concentrations of NDEs, assessed by counts and levels of extracted exosome marker CD81, were significantly depressed by a mean of 45% in acute mTBI ( P < 0.0001), but not chronic mTBI, compared with controls. |
| 30639393 | Exosomes populate the cerebrospinal fluid of preterm infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. | Exosomal-sized EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and TEM confirmed the presence of CD63 This is the first reported characterisation of exosomes from the CSF of preterm infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. |
| 30680751 | Nanoscale flow cytometry to distinguish subpopulations of prostate extracellular vesicles in patient plasma. | Plasmas from prostate cancer (PCa) patient plasmas representing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), low grade prostate cancer (Gleason Score 3 + 3) and high grade prostate cancer (Gleason Score ≥4 + 4) were analyzed for various exosome markers (CD9, CD63, CD81) and a prostate specific tissue marker (prostate specific membrane antigen/PSMA). |