Protein detail
CD81
CD81 antigen (26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1) (Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1) (Tetraspanin-28) (Tspan-28) (CD antigen CD81)
Entry name CD81 | UniProt ID | EVMP confidence score 0.88 |
Supporting publications (n) 305 | Transmembrane count 4 | Protein classification CD markersDisease related genesHuman disease related genesPlasma proteinsPotential drug targetsPredicted membrane proteinsTransporters |
EVMP confidence score
Annotation confidence score; open for threshold definitions.
Extremely high >= 0.85High >= 0.70Medium >= 0.55Low >= 0.40Basic Information13
Protein Names
CD81 antigen (26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1) (Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1) (Tetraspanin-28) (Tspan-28) (CD antigen CD81)
Protein Class (7)
CD markersDisease related genesHuman disease related genesPlasma proteinsPotential drug targetsPredicted membrane proteinsTransporters
Protein Function (5)
- CD markers
- Potential drug targets
- Human disease related genes:Immune system diseases:Primary immunodeficiency
- Transporters:Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
- Disease related genes
Transmembrane
13..33; Helical; 64..84; Helical; 90..112; Helical; 202..224; Helical
Transmembrane Count
4
Ensembl
Entrez Gene Symbol
Gene Synonym (3)
TAPA-1TAPA1TSPAN28
Gene Description
CD81 molecule
Chromosome
11
Position
2376177-2397802
Supporting publications (n)
305
EVMP confidence score
0.88
Fluorescence & Localization7
Tissue Specificheart muscleCell SpecificCardiomyocytesBlood Cell SpecificneutrophilBlood Lineage SpecificgranulocytesSecretome LocationIntracellular and membraneSecretome FunctionTransport
Function & Pathway8
Protein Function (5)
- CD markers
- Potential drug targets
- Human disease related genes:Immune system diseases:Primary immunodeficiency
- Transporters:Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
- Disease related genes
Cellular Component (9)
Molecular Function (7)
Biological Process (3)
KEGG (4)
Reactome (4)
Canonical Pathways
M13 Pid erbb4 pathway
Mediation Categories (4)
Adhesion and uptake mediationFusion and delivery mediationImmune mediationReceptor-signaling mediation
Relations & Evidence44
Ligand-Receptor Signaling (41)
41 records.
| Category | Parent | Database | Transmitter | Receiver | Secreted | Plasma Membrane (Transmembrane) | Plasma Membrane (Peripheral) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plasma_membrane_transmembrane | plasma_membrane_transmembrane | HPMR | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| plasma_membrane_transmembrane | plasma_membrane_transmembrane | OmniPath | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| cell_surface | cell_surface | connectomeDB2020 | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| cell_surface | cell_surface | Baccin2019 | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| cell_surface | cell_surface | OmniPath | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| receptor | receptor | talklr | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| receptor | receptor | Cellinker | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| receptor | receptor | connectomeDB2020 | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| receptor | receptor | iTALK | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| receptor | receptor | EMBRACE | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Protein Complex Composition (2)
Isolation & Detection Technology (1)
1 record.
| EV Isolation Method | Detection Method | Number of References | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mass spectrometry [LTQ-FT Ultra]Mass spectrometry | 0 |
Sequence, Structure & Domains9
Sequences
Length
236
Mass
25,809
Sequence
MGVEGCTKCIKYLLFVFNFVFWLAGGVILGVALWLRHDPQTTNLLYLELGDKPAPNTFYVGIYILIAVGAVMMFVGFLGCYGAIQESQCLLGTFFTCLVILFACEVAAGIWGFVNKDQIAKDVKQFYDQALQQAVVDDDANNAKAVVKTFHETLDCCGSSTLTALTTSVLKNNLCPSGSNIISNLFKEDCHQKIDDLFSGKLYLIGIAAIVVAVIMIFEMILSMVLCCGIRNSSVY
3D Structural Models
Helix
10..36; 57..80; 81..84; 113..115; 116..136; 141..154; 163..165; 166..171; 172..174; 181..185; 190..199; 202..230
Beta Strand
158..160
3D Structure
Electron microscopy (1); X-ray crystallography (15)
Domain & Motif Annotations
Domain (CC)
Binds cholesterol in a cavity lined by the transmembrane spans.
Protein Families
Tetraspanin (TM4SF) family
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.
Clinical Relevance4
Supporting Publications305
| PMID | Title | Abstract |
|---|---|---|
| 12147373 | Malignant effusions and immunogenic tumour-derived exosomes. | Exosomes from patients with melanoma deliver Mart1 tumour antigens to dendritic cells derived from monocytes (MD-DCs) for cross presentation to clones of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to Mart1. |
| 14633944 | Intestinal epithelial exosomes carry MHC class II/peptides able to inform the immune system in mice. | A33 antigen, an Ig-like molecule highly specific for intestinal epithelial cells, was enriched in exosomes and was also found in mice mesenteric lymph nodes, suggesting exosome migration towards the gut associated lymphoid tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial exosomes are antigen presenting vesicles bearing MHC class II/peptide complexes that prime for an immunogenic rather than tolerogenic response in the context of a systemic challenge. In contrast, exosomes obtained after incubation with IFN-gamma (EXO-hOVA-IFN), bearing abundant MHC class II/OVA complexes, induced a specific humoral immune response. RESULTS: MODE K epithelial exosomes displayed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II (upregulated by IFN-gamma) molecules and tetraspan proteins (CD9, CD81, CD82) potentially involved in the binding to target cells. |
| 15284116 | Endocytosis, intracellular sorting, and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells. | Targeting of exosomes to DCs is mediated via milk fat globule (MFG)-E8/lactadherin, CD11a, CD54, phosphatidylserine, and the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 on the exosome and alpha(v)/beta(3) integrin, and CD11a and CD54 on the DCs. |
| 15368299 | Association of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins with exosomes. | Instead, when huCD81 is present, a fraction of HCV envelope proteins passes through the Golgi apparatus, matures acquiring complex sugars and is found extracellularly associated with exosomes. We propose that the HCV-CD81 complex leaves cells in the form of exosomes, circulates in this form and exploits the fusogenic capabilities of these vesicles to infect cells even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. |
| 16023874 | Characterization of exosome subpopulations from RBL-2H3 cells using fluorescent lipids. | CD63, MHC II, and CD81-containing exosomes accounted for 47%, 32%, and 21%, respectively, of total exosomes. Sorting of subpopulations indicated that the MHC-II containing exosomes were enriched in Bodipy-PC, whereas tetraspanin(CD 63 or CD81)-containing exosomes are essentially labeled with Bodipy-Cer and Bodipy-PC. |
| 17046995 | TfR2 localizes in lipid raft domains and is released in exosomes to activate signal transduction along the MAPK pathway. | Co-localization of TfR2 with CD81, a raft tetraspanin exported through exosomes, prompted us to investigate exosomes released by HepG2 and K562 cells into culture medium. In conclusion, the present study indicates that TfR2 localizes in LDTI microdomains, where it promotes cell signalling, and is exported out of the cells through the exosome pathway, where it acts as an intercellular messenger. |
| 17407154 | The transferrin receptor and the tetraspanin web molecules CD9, CD81, and CD9P-1 are differentially sorted into exosomes after TPA treatment of K562 cells. | However, CD9P-1 could be targeted to exosomes in the absence of CD81 and of another tetraspanin, CD9. TPA increased targeting of CD81 and CD9P-1 into exosomes but strongly reduced the localization of the TfR in these vesicles. The targeting of CD9 into exosomes did not require palmitoylation of the protein. Using this model we have shown that a fraction of CD81 and CD9P-1 in exosomes comes from a surface pool and that these molecules remain associated in exosomes. |
| 17484880 | T84-intestinal epithelial exosomes bear MHC class II/peptide complexes potentiating antigen presentation by dendritic cells. | RESULTS: T84-derived exosomes, enriched in CD9, CD81, CD82, and A33 antigen, were capable of binding specifically human serum albumin (HSA) 64-76 peptide on HLA-DR4 molecules and of interacting preferentially with DCs. |
| 17868797 | B cell-derived exosomes can present allergen peptides and activate allergen-specific T cells to proliferate and produce TH2-like cytokines. | Exosomes from antigen-presenting cells carry immunorelevant molecules like MHC class I and II and costimulatory molecules and thus are suggested to have a role in immune modulation. RESULTS: The exosomes had a phenotype typical of B cell-derived exosomes with expression of MHC, costimulatory molecules like CD86, tetraspanin proteins such as CD81, and CD19. |
| 17894858 | Platelet-derived exosomes induce endothelial cell apoptosis through peroxynitrite generation: experimental evidence for a novel mechanism of septic vascular dysfunction. | Endothelial cells exposed to the exosomes underwent apoptosis and caspase-3 activation, which were inhibited by NO synthase inhibitors or by a superoxide dismutase mimetic and totally blocked by urate (1 mM), suggesting a role for the peroxynitrite radical. RESULTS: Size, morphology, high exposure of the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81, together with low phosphatidylserine, showed that platelets exposed to NONOate and LPS, but not to TNF-alpha or thrombin, generate microparticles similar to those recovered from septic patients, and characterize them as exosomes. |
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